Historical record · Programs, learning & limits

Artificial intelligence

Trace selected research ideas, task-specific achievements and public encounters with AI.

Primary topic: Science & Technology

Scope of this guide

A selective history, not a claim that AI has one inventor or a single test of intelligence. Benchmark results remain tied to their tasks. The endpoint is the verified International AI Safety Report published on 3 February 2026.

Actual source-review status

11 completed · 0 partial · 0 pending chapter reviews in this subject.

The factual audit is unfinished. These counts come from recorded chapter reviews, not legacy “reviewed” wording, confidence labels or image checks. A completed source review retains scientific and historical uncertainty.

Key chapters

1955–1956
A proposal becomes a research gathering →
Dartmouth brings a named research program together.
Chapter source review completed: 2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review. Scientific uncertainty is retained in the evidence note.
2012
Deep networks advance image classification →
A neural-network entry wins the ImageNet challenge.
Chapter source review completed: 2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review. Scientific uncertainty is retained in the evidence note.
30 November 2022
ChatGPT opens as a research preview →
A conversational model invites public feedback.
Chapter source review completed: 2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review. Scientific uncertainty is retained in the evidence note.

Connected roads

These are authored connections in the existing catalogue, not an automatically inferred family tree.

Explore an earlier opening of online software (related topic) · Subject guide

All chapters & review records

Turing reframes machine intelligencecompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
A proposal becomes a research gatheringcompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
ELIZA makes conversation programmablecompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
Deep Blue wins a chess matchcompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
Watson answers the quiz-show challengecompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
Deep networks advance image classificationcompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
AlphaGo wins against Lee Sedolcompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
The Transformer is proposedcompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
AlphaFold reports a protein-structure advancecompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
ChatGPT opens as a research previewcompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review
An international report weighs capabilities and riskscompleted2026-10-11 · Codex expansion source review

Sources

Sources cited by the existing chapters. Listing a source does not mean every claim has been verified.