A life & a kingdomOur World

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

Follow selected milestones from Shivneri to the establishment of Maratha kingship.

Subject guide · scope, chapters & sources ↗

Requested road · An introductory biography, not the complete history of the Maratha states. Disputed dates and uncertain details are identified in the chapters.

19 February 1630Western India

Born at Shivneri

The future ruler is born to Jijabai and Shahaji.

Stone building at Shivneri Fort with a projecting balcony. — Oj24031989 · CC BY-SA 3.0

1646 CEWestern India

Torna becomes a foothold

A hill fort marks an early territorial gain.

Green ridges and fort remains at Torna beneath low clouds. — Kiran Mahajan · CC BY-SA 3.0

June 1665Western India

The Treaty of Purandar

Military pressure leads to an agreement with the Mughals.

Stone gateway and bastion at Purandar Fort. — AnkurP · CC BY-SA 2.0

August 1666North India

Escape from Agra

Shivaji leaves Mughal confinement.

Red sandstone fort buildings and grounds at Agra. — A.Savin, Wikipedia · Free Art License

6 June 1674Western India

Crowned at Raigad

The title Chhatrapati expresses sovereign kingship.

Cloud-covered hillside below Raigad Fort. — Rishil vittal · CC BY-SA 3.0

3 April 1680Western India

A life ends at Raigad

Shivaji dies, leaving a kingdom and a contested succession.